2. Gender: Male Female
3. Age: 16-17 18-20 21-23 24 and above
4. The language you are most proficient in: ______ 5. Other languages you can proficiently use None Other (please specify all)
6. Chinese is the ______ language you are learning (excluding your native language): 2nd 3rd 4th or above
7. Duration of studying in China: Less than 0.5 year 0.5-1 year 1-2 years 2 years and above
8. Duration of learning Chinese in China: Less than 3 months 3-6 months 0.5-1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years
9. Major: Computer Science and Technology Trade and Economics Other
10. Main scenarios where you use Chinese daily (select multiple): Classroom learning (listening, answering questions, group discussions) Daily life (shopping, dining, taking transportation, etc.) Social interactions (chatting with Chinese classmates, participating in club activities, etc.) Online communication (WeChat, QQ, forums, etc.) Study-related tasks (doing homework, researching information, asking for help, etc.)
11. Weekly duration of active Chinese communication: Less than 5 hours 5-10 hours 10-20 hours More than 20 hours
12. Main reasons for choosing to study in China (select multiple): Obtain a degree Facilitate trade with China Career development needs (e.g., working in Chinese enterprises, China-related jobs) Interest in Chinese culture Communicate with Chinese friends Other
13. I can clearly state my strengths and weaknesses in Chinese learning. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
14. When I perform poorly in a Chinese exam, I know whether the main reason is insufficient effort or inappropriate methods. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
15. When I feel nervous communicating in Chinese, I can identify the reason (e.g., "fear of mispronunciation"). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
16. When I make mistakes in Chinese expression and get laughed at, I can quickly calm down and keep trying. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
17. I set specific daily goals for Chinese learning (e.g., "master 5 daily dialogue patterns today") and strive to achieve them. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
18. Before a Chinese exam, I relieve stress by listening to Chinese songs or chatting with friends. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
19. Even on days without classes, I spend 10 minutes reviewing last week’s Chinese dialogues. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
20. I can understand the hidden emotions behind a Chinese classmate saying "méi guān xi 沒關(guān)系 (it’s okay)". Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
21. I know which topics may make others uncomfortable in Chinese contexts. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
22. I can sense Chinese classmates’ emphasis on "collective honor" (e.g., cheering for the class at sports meets). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
23. I understand that Chinese classmates may "avoid raising questions in class" because they "don’t want to disturb the teacher" rather than "being uninterested in the content". Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
24. I can actively invite Chinese classmates to study in groups using Chinese. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
25. When I disagree with my Chinese teacher, I can politely express my opinions. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
26. When Chinese classmates misunderstand me, I explain in simpler terms. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
27. I remember Chinese friends’ birthdays and say "sheng rì kuài lè 生日快樂 (happy birthday)". Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
28. When I find my Chinese learning inefficient, I actively ask teachers or classmates for improvement methods. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
29. When choosing Chinese learning methods, I consider which suits me best (e.g., watching videos vs. memorizing words). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
30. When doing group Chinese assignments, if the division of labor is unfair (e.g., someone has too heavy a task), I actively suggest adjustments. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
31. When I find Chinese textbooks unsuitable, I actively ask the teacher for alternative materials. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
32. I can understand Chinese dietary taboos (e.g., avoiding certain meats). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
33. I actively participate in traditional Chinese festivals (e.g., eating zongzi during Dragon Boat Festival). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
34. I can understand Chinese traffic signs and public place notices. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
35. When meeting Chinese friends, I know whether to shake hands, hug, or nod. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
36. I understand that a Chinese person saying "xià cì qǐng nǐ chī fàn 下次請你吃飯 (I’ll treat you to a meal next time)" may just be a polite remark and not a real invitation. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
37. When a Chinese classmate says "this question is very simple", I don’t feel mocked. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
38. I can distinguish between Chinese classmates’ "jokes" and "serious expressions". Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
39. I adapt to Chinese teachers’ teaching style of "lecturing first, then answering questions" (compared to possible "interrupting discussions at any time" styles). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
40. I know whether "actively raising hands to speak" is encouraged in Chinese classrooms. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
41. I can well integrate into Chinese classmates’ habit of "completing assignments collectively". Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
42. I understand Chinese exam grading standards (e.g., whether neat handwriting is valued). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
43. Since coming to China, how often have you felt confused due to cultural differences? (Single choice) Almost never Occasionally (1-2 times a week) Frequently (3-5 times a week) Always (nearly every day)
44. Which cultural differences trouble you the most (select multiple): Concept of time (e.g., whether Chinese friends are punctual) Interpersonal distance (e.g., preference for physical contact) Communication style (direct vs. indirect) Food tastes Other
45. Has the teacher taught phrases to use when communication gets stuck, such as "duìbuqǐ, wǒ méi tīngdǒng 對不起,我沒聽懂 (sorry, I didn’t catch that)" or "qǐng shuō màn yīdiǎn 請說慢一點(diǎn) (please speak more slowly)"? (Single choice) Never taught; I panic in such situations Taught, but I can’t remember Taught, and I can use these sentences to solve problems now Hope to learn more similar expressions
46. Have you participated in classroom activities like "learning emotion words (e.g., 'kāixīn 開心 (happy)', 'shēngqì 生氣 (angry)') through stick figures" (e.g., drawing a smiley face for "happy", a frown for "angry")? (Single choice) Never participated; it sounds interesting Participated; it helps me remember these words Participated; but I think it’s not helpful for learning Chinese Hope to draw more life-related words (e.g., "è (hungry)", "lèi (tired)")
47. Which emotion-related Chinese expressions do you hope the teacher will teach more (select multiple): When sick: "wǒ fāshāo le, xiǎng qù yīyuàn (I have a fever and want to go to the hospital)" When stressed: "zhège zuòyè wǒ xūyào gèng duō shíjiān (I need more time for this assignment)" When receiving encouragement: "xièxie nǐ, wǒ huì nǔlì de (thank you, I’ll work hard)" Other
48. Even if I can only say 3-5 words, I’m willing to raise my hand to answer simple teacher’s questions in class (e.g., "nǐ jīntiān kāixīn ma 你今天開心嗎 (are you happy today)"). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
49. When I see unfamiliar Chinese road signs or store names while walking, I actively take photos to look up their meanings. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
50. After learning expressions like "duōshǎo qián 多少錢 (how much)" or "xièxie 謝謝 (thank you)", I immediately use them when shopping. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
51. I have at least 1 Chinese friend or classmate with whom I can chat in simple Chinese about topics like "favorite food" or "weekend plans". Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
52. Every time I successfully complete a small task in Chinese (e.g., ordering takeout alone, asking for directions), I feel I’ve made progress and am happy. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
53. When encountering cultural conflicts, I know who to ask for help (e.g., teachers, Chinese friends). Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
54. I think I understand Chinese people’s way of thinking better than when I first came to China. Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
55. The types of Chinese learning digital resources you use most often (select multiple): AI translation tools Chinese learning apps Virtual language partners / AI chatbots Online course platforms Chinese social / language exchange platforms Other
56. Weekly total duration of using the above digital resources for Chinese learning: Less than 30 minutes 30 minutes-1 hour 1-2 hours 2-3 hours 3 hours and above
57. Main purposes for using these resources (select multiple): Look up vocabulary / grammar (e.g., using AI translation for new words) Practice speaking / listening (e.g., chatting with virtual language partners) Learn about Chinese culture (e.g., watching cultural videos on online platforms) Solve communication breakdowns (e.g., real-time translation of conversations) Relieve study stress (e.g., watching Chinese short videos)
58. When using AI translation tools (e.g., translating sentences or emotions), have you encountered situations where "the translation does not fit the Chinese context" (e.g., "wúnài (helpless)" being translated rigidly)? Never Occasionally (1-2 times/week) Frequently (3-5 times/week) Always
59. When using Chinese learning apps, which features make you feel "emotionally caring" (select multiple): Encouraging language in error feedback (e.g., "Almost right, try this way") Providing cultural background explanations (e.g., "'xiàcì chīfàn' may be a polite remark in Chinese") Recording learning progress and giving affirmation (e.g., "Your emotional expressions are more natural this week") Interactive comments from real teachers / users (instead of purely machine feedback) Never felt emotionally cared for
60. When practicing Chinese with virtual language partners / AI chatbots, do you feel uncomfortable because they "lack real emotional responses" (e.g., giving standardized replies regardless of what you say)? Not at all Occasionally Frequently Always, so I don’t want to use them anymore
61. "After using Chinese learning digital resources, I better understand my weaknesses in emotional expression (e.g., not knowing how to say 'wěiqu 委屈 (wronged)')." Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
62. "When AI tools fail to understand my emotions, I actively ask Chinese classmates for help (demonstrating interpersonal skills)." Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
63. "I control the frequency of using AI translation to avoid relying on it and losing the ability to express myself independently (demonstrating self-management)." Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
64. Which "emotional support" functions do you hope Chinese learning digital resources will add (select multiple): Provide "embarrassing situation response guides" (e.g., example replies + psychological adjustment suggestions when laughed at) Analyze my Chinese expressions and remind me "this sentence may misunderstand others’ emotions" (e.g., "'háixíng 還行 (it’s okay)' may sound indifferent in Chinese") Recommend common "emotional expression tips" used by Chinese classmates (e.g., "saying 'tài máfan nǐ le 太麻煩你了 (you’ve gone to too much trouble)' is more warm than 'xièxie 謝謝 (thank you)' for gratitude") Connect with real Chinese language partners to supplement cultural explanations after AI translation (e.g., "They said 'méiguānxi' 沒關(guān)系 because they didn’t want you to feel guilty")
65. What troubles you most when using digital resources to learn Chinese (select multiple): Unable to understand Chinese "implied meanings" (e.g., polite remarks, sarcasm) Feedback is too mechanical, lacking encouragement or comfort (e.g., only saying "wrong" without explaining "how to correct") After over-reliance, I feel more nervous communicating in Chinese in real life (demonstrating self-management challenges) Content is too standardized and unsuitable for my cultural background (e.g., differences in diet, social habits) 66. What do you think are the 3 most important features of a "warm" Chinese learning AI tool (select multiple, maximum 3): Can recognize my emotions and adjust response tone (e.g., saying "bié zhāojí, mànmàn shuō 別著急,慢慢說 (don’t worry, speak slowly)" when I’m frustrated) Explain cultural backgrounds of Chinese emotional expressions (e.g., "'xiàcì chīfàn' is actually a polite remark, not to be taken literally") Encourage first, then correct when I make mistakes (e.g., "This expression is creative; it would be more natural to say...") Recommend emotional expression comparisons suitable for my native culture (e.g., differences between Chinese "gǎnxiè (gratitude)" and your native language equivalent) Connect with real Chinese language partners to supplement emotional interactions (e.g., after AI translation, partners tell me "this way of speaking is warmer") Record my learning progress and give personalized affirmation (e.g., "You learned to express 'wěiqu' this week; great progress!") Provide "embarrassing situation rescue kits" (e.g., example replies + psychological adjustment suggestions when laughed at) Other (please specify)