2. Gender: Male Female 
3. Age: 16-17 18-20 21-23 24 and above 
4. The language you are most proficient in: ______ 5. Other languages you can proficiently use None Other (please specify all) 
6. Chinese is the ______ language you are learning (excluding your native language): 2nd 3rd 4th or above 
7. Duration of studying in China: Less than 0.5 year 0.5-1 year 1-2 years 2 years and above 
8. Duration of learning Chinese in China:  Less than 3 months 3-6 months 0.5-1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years 
9. Major: Computer Science and Technology Trade and Economics Other  
10. Main scenarios where you use Chinese daily (select multiple):  Classroom learning (listening, answering questions, group discussions)  Daily life (shopping, dining, taking transportation, etc.)  Social interactions (chatting with Chinese classmates, participating in club activities, etc.)  Online communication (WeChat, QQ, forums, etc.)  Study-related tasks (doing homework, researching information, asking for help, etc.) 
11. Weekly duration of active Chinese communication:  Less than 5 hours  5-10 hours  10-20 hours  More than 20 hours 
12. Main reasons for choosing to study in China (select multiple):  Obtain a degree  Facilitate trade with China  Career development needs (e.g., working in Chinese enterprises, China-related jobs)  Interest in Chinese culture  Communicate with Chinese friends  Other  
13. I can clearly state my strengths and weaknesses in Chinese learning.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
14. When I perform poorly in a Chinese exam, I know whether the main reason is insufficient effort or inappropriate methods. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
15. When I feel nervous communicating in Chinese, I can identify the reason (e.g., "fear of mispronunciation"). Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
16. When I make mistakes in Chinese expression and get laughed at, I can quickly calm down and keep trying. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
17. I set specific daily goals for Chinese learning (e.g., "master 5 daily dialogue patterns today") and strive to achieve them.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
18. Before a Chinese exam, I relieve stress by listening to Chinese songs or chatting with friends. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
19. Even on days without classes, I spend 10 minutes reviewing last week’s Chinese dialogues. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
20. I can understand the hidden emotions behind a Chinese classmate saying "méi guān xi 沒關(guān)系 (it’s okay)". Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
21. I know which topics may make others uncomfortable in Chinese contexts. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
22. I can sense Chinese classmates’ emphasis on "collective honor" (e.g., cheering for the class at sports meets).  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
23. I understand that Chinese classmates may "avoid raising questions in class" because they "don’t want to disturb the teacher" rather than "being uninterested in the content".  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
24. I can actively invite Chinese classmates to study in groups using Chinese.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
25. When I disagree with my Chinese teacher, I can politely express my opinions. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
26. When Chinese classmates misunderstand me, I explain in simpler terms.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
27. I remember Chinese friends’ birthdays and say "sheng rì kuài lè 生日快樂 (happy birthday)".  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
28. When I find my Chinese learning inefficient, I actively ask teachers or classmates for improvement methods. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
29. When choosing Chinese learning methods, I consider which suits me best (e.g., watching videos vs. memorizing words). Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
30. When doing group Chinese assignments, if the division of labor is unfair (e.g., someone has too heavy a task), I actively suggest adjustments. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
31. When I find Chinese textbooks unsuitable, I actively ask the teacher for alternative materials. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
32. I can understand Chinese dietary taboos (e.g., avoiding certain meats).  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
33. I actively participate in traditional Chinese festivals (e.g., eating zongzi during Dragon Boat Festival).  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
34. I can understand Chinese traffic signs and public place notices. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
35. When meeting Chinese friends, I know whether to shake hands, hug, or nod.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
36. I understand that a Chinese person saying "xià cì qǐng nǐ chī fàn 下次請你吃飯 (I’ll treat you to a meal next time)" may just be a polite remark and not a real invitation. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
37. When a Chinese classmate says "this question is very simple", I don’t feel mocked. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
38. I can distinguish between Chinese classmates’ "jokes" and "serious expressions". Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
39. I adapt to Chinese teachers’ teaching style of "lecturing first, then answering questions" (compared to possible "interrupting discussions at any time" styles). Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
40. I know whether "actively raising hands to speak" is encouraged in Chinese classrooms. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
41. I can well integrate into Chinese classmates’ habit of "completing assignments collectively". Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
42. I understand Chinese exam grading standards (e.g., whether neat handwriting is valued). Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
43. Since coming to China, how often have you felt confused due to cultural differences? (Single choice)  Almost never  Occasionally (1-2 times a week)  Frequently (3-5 times a week)  Always (nearly every day) 
44.  Which cultural differences trouble you the most (select multiple):  Concept of time (e.g., whether Chinese friends are punctual)  Interpersonal distance (e.g., preference for physical contact)  Communication style (direct vs. indirect)  Food tastes  Other  
45. Has the teacher taught phrases to use when communication gets stuck, such as "duìbuqǐ, wǒ méi tīngdǒng 對不起,我沒聽懂 (sorry, I didn’t catch that)" or "qǐng shuō màn yīdiǎn 請說慢一點(diǎn) (please speak more slowly)"? (Single choice)  Never taught; I panic in such situations  Taught, but I can’t remember  Taught, and I can use these sentences to solve problems now  Hope to learn more similar expressions 
46. Have you participated in classroom activities like "learning emotion words (e.g., 'kāixīn 開心 (happy)', 'shēngqì 生氣 (angry)') through stick figures" (e.g., drawing a smiley face for "happy", a frown for "angry")? (Single choice)  Never participated; it sounds interesting  Participated; it helps me remember these words  Participated; but I think it’s not helpful for learning Chinese  Hope to draw more life-related words (e.g., "è (hungry)", "lèi (tired)") 
47. Which emotion-related Chinese expressions do you hope the teacher will teach more (select multiple):  When sick: "wǒ fāshāo le, xiǎng qù yīyuàn (I have a fever and want to go to the hospital)"  When stressed: "zhège zuòyè wǒ xūyào gèng duō shíjiān (I need more time for this assignment)"  When receiving encouragement: "xièxie nǐ, wǒ huì nǔlì de (thank you, I’ll work hard)"  Other  
48. Even if I can only say 3-5 words, I’m willing to raise my hand to answer simple teacher’s questions in class (e.g., "nǐ jīntiān kāixīn ma 你今天開心嗎 (are you happy today)").  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
49. When I see unfamiliar Chinese road signs or store names while walking, I actively take photos to look up their meanings.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
50. After learning expressions like "duōshǎo qián 多少錢 (how much)" or "xièxie 謝謝 (thank you)", I immediately use them when shopping. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
51. I have at least 1 Chinese friend or classmate with whom I can chat in simple Chinese about topics like "favorite food" or "weekend plans".  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
52. Every time I successfully complete a small task in Chinese (e.g., ordering takeout alone, asking for directions), I feel I’ve made progress and am happy.  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
53. When encountering cultural conflicts, I know who to ask for help (e.g., teachers, Chinese friends). Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
54. I think I understand Chinese people’s way of thinking better than when I first came to China. Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
55. The types of Chinese learning digital resources you use most often (select multiple): AI translation tools Chinese learning apps Virtual language partners / AI chatbots Online course platforms Chinese social / language exchange platforms Other 
56. Weekly total duration of using the above digital resources for Chinese learning:  Less than 30 minutes  30 minutes-1 hour  1-2 hours  2-3 hours  3 hours and above 
57. Main purposes for using these resources (select multiple):  Look up vocabulary / grammar (e.g., using AI translation for new words)  Practice speaking / listening (e.g., chatting with virtual language partners)  Learn about Chinese culture (e.g., watching cultural videos on online platforms)  Solve communication breakdowns (e.g., real-time translation of conversations)  Relieve study stress (e.g., watching Chinese short videos) 
58. When using AI translation tools (e.g., translating sentences or emotions), have you encountered situations where "the translation does not fit the Chinese context" (e.g., "wúnài (helpless)" being translated rigidly)?  Never  Occasionally (1-2 times/week)  Frequently (3-5 times/week)  Always 
59. When using Chinese learning apps, which features make you feel "emotionally caring" (select multiple):  Encouraging language in error feedback (e.g., "Almost right, try this way")  Providing cultural background explanations (e.g., "'xiàcì chīfàn' may be a polite remark in Chinese")  Recording learning progress and giving affirmation (e.g., "Your emotional expressions are more natural this week")  Interactive comments from real teachers / users (instead of purely machine feedback)  Never felt emotionally cared for 
60. When practicing Chinese with virtual language partners / AI chatbots, do you feel uncomfortable because they "lack real emotional responses" (e.g., giving standardized replies regardless of what you say)?  Not at all  Occasionally  Frequently  Always, so I don’t want to use them anymore 
61. "After using Chinese learning digital resources, I better understand my weaknesses in emotional expression (e.g., not knowing how to say 'wěiqu 委屈 (wronged)')." Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
62. "When AI tools fail to understand my emotions, I actively ask Chinese classmates for help (demonstrating interpersonal skills)." Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
63. "I control the frequency of using AI translation to avoid relying on it and losing the ability to express myself independently (demonstrating self-management)."  Strongly Agree 
Strongly Disagree 
64. Which "emotional support" functions do you hope Chinese learning digital resources will add (select multiple):  Provide "embarrassing situation response guides" (e.g., example replies + psychological adjustment suggestions when laughed at)  Analyze my Chinese expressions and remind me "this sentence may misunderstand others’ emotions" (e.g., "'háixíng 還行 (it’s okay)' may sound indifferent in Chinese")  Recommend common "emotional expression tips" used by Chinese classmates (e.g., "saying 'tài máfan nǐ le 太麻煩你了 (you’ve gone to too much trouble)' is more warm than 'xièxie 謝謝 (thank you)' for gratitude")  Connect with real Chinese language partners to supplement cultural explanations after AI translation (e.g., "They said 'méiguānxi' 沒關(guān)系 because they didn’t want you to feel guilty") 
65. What troubles you most when using digital resources to learn Chinese (select multiple):  Unable to understand Chinese "implied meanings" (e.g., polite remarks, sarcasm)  Feedback is too mechanical, lacking encouragement or comfort (e.g., only saying "wrong" without explaining "how to correct")  After over-reliance, I feel more nervous communicating in Chinese in real life (demonstrating self-management challenges)  Content is too standardized and unsuitable for my cultural background (e.g., differences in diet, social habits) 66. What do you think are the 3 most important features of a "warm" Chinese learning AI tool (select multiple, maximum 3):  Can recognize my emotions and adjust response tone (e.g., saying "bié zhāojí, mànmàn shuō 別著急,慢慢說 (don’t worry, speak slowly)" when I’m frustrated)  Explain cultural backgrounds of Chinese emotional expressions (e.g., "'xiàcì chīfàn' is actually a polite remark, not to be taken literally")  Encourage first, then correct when I make mistakes (e.g., "This expression is creative; it would be more natural to say...")  Recommend emotional expression comparisons suitable for my native culture (e.g., differences between Chinese "gǎnxiè (gratitude)" and your native language equivalent)  Connect with real Chinese language partners to supplement emotional interactions (e.g., after AI translation, partners tell me "this way of speaking is warmer")  Record my learning progress and give personalized affirmation (e.g., "You learned to express 'wěiqu' this week; great progress!")  Provide "embarrassing situation rescue kits" (e.g., example replies + psychological adjustment suggestions when laughed at)  Other (please specify)